Humanoid-Gym: Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robot with Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer

Humanoid-Gym: Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robot with Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer

Wang J., Xiao B., Wang J., Heider P., Li H., Zhang Y. · RobotEra / K-Scale Labs · 2024

Framework

Isaac Gym / PyTorch

License

MIT

Stars

10

Summary

An Isaac-Gym-based training framework for humanoid locomotion that enables zero-shot sim-to-real transfer on XBot-L/XBot-S robots via domain randomization.

Abstract Summary

Humanoid-Gym is a reinforcement learning framework specifically built to close the reality gap for bipedal robots. Built atop NVIDIA Isaac Gym (Preview 4), it provides a curated set of humanoid-specific reward functions, terrain curricula, and domain-randomization schedules that collectively enable zero-shot sim-to-real transfer. The framework ships with example policies for XBot-S (1.2 m) and XBot-L (1.65 m), two commercial humanoid platforms from RobotEra. The training paradigm centers on proximal policy optimization (PPO) in massively parallel simulation (4096 environments). The unique contributions are in how the reward functions implicitly encode humanoid priors—penalizing unnatural knee hyperextension, encouraging symmetrical gait, and shaping trunk posture—such that the learned policy remains stable when transferred to hardware without any real-world fine-tuning. A notable design choice is the built-in sim2sim transfer pipeline. Researchers can first train in Isaac Gym and then test the exact same policy within MuJoCo environments, allowing coarse validation of dynamics mismatch before risking hardware. Terrain curriculum and actuator noise injection are the primary robustification tools, gradually increasing terrain roughness and randomizing motor torque bandwidth to promote robust gaits. For researchers and startups entering the humanoid space, Humanoid-Gym offers a plug-and-play training package with well-documented URDF setup, reward templates, and deployment scripts. The included domain-randomization recipes are tuned over extensive real-world experiments and represent practical best practices rather than theoretical guidelines. This makes it one of the most pragmatic toolkits for anyone seeking to deploy learned walking on their own humanoid platform.

Key Points

  • Isaac-Gym PPO training at 4096 parallel environments with humanoid-specific rewards.
  • Zero-shot sim-to-real demonstrated on XBot-L and XBot-S hardware.
  • Built-in sim2sim pipeline (Isaac Gym -> MuJoCo) for pre-transfer validation.
  • Domain randomization across terrain, actuator dynamics, and sensor delay.
  • Open-source release with URDF, training configs, and deployment scripts.

Method

The workflow of Humanoid-Gym is illustrated in Fig. 2 . In this section, we will introduce the problem setting, system design, and reward design of our Humanoid-Gym.

Our approach employs a reinforcement learning model $\mathcal{M}=\langle\mathcal{S},\mathcal{A},T,\mathcal{O},R,\gamma\rangle$, with $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{A}$ denoting state and action spaces, $T(\mathbf{s}^{\prime}/\mathbf{s},\mathbf{a})$ the transition dynamics, $R(\mathbf{s},\mathbf{a})$ the reward function, $\gamma\in[0,1]$ the discount factor, and $\mathcal{O}$ the obser...

Method — Humanoid-Gym: Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robot with Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer
Figure 2 : Pipeline of Humanoid-Gym. Initially, we employ massively parallel deep reinforcement learning (RL) within Nvidia Isaac Gym, incorporating diverse terrains and dynamics randomization. Subsequently, we undertake sim-to-sim transfer to test policies. Due to our meticulous calibration, the performance in both MuJoCo and real-world settings aligns closely.

Experiments

In this section, we will illustrate the result of zero-shot transfer for both sim-to-sim and sim-to-real scenarios. Additionally, we also provide visualization of the calibration for MuJoCo to verify the effectiveness of sim-to-sim. For the validation, we utilized Robot Era’s humanoid robots, XBot-S and XBot-L, measuring 1.2 meters and 1.65 meters in height, shown in Appendix Fig. 5 , respectively.

Experiments — Humanoid-Gym: Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robot with Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer
Figure 3 : Sine wave in Both MuJoCo and real-world environment. It can be found that the trajectories of the two are very close after calibration.

Sources and Demonstrations

Figures are reproduced from Wang J. See the full paper for experimental details and the project page, when the paper links one, for demonstrations and videos.

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