AIR-VLA+: Decoupling Movement and Manipulation via Cascaded Dual-Action Decoders with Asymmetric MoE for Aerial Robots

AIR-VLA+: Decoupling Movement and Manipulation via Cascaded Dual-Action Decoders with Asymmetric MoE for Aerial Robots

Jianli Sun, Bin Tian, Qiyao Zhang, Zijian Liu, Yutong Wang, Zhiyong Cui, Bai Li, Yisheng Lv, Yonglin Tian · N/A · 2026

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Summary

Aerial manipulation systems have long suffered from representation coupling in end-to-end control, as platform-level Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) movement and end-effector-level arm manipulation differ substantially in action scale, dynamics, and control objectives.

Abstract Summary

Aerial manipulation systems have long suffered from representation coupling in end-to-end control, as platform-level Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) movement and end-effector-level arm manipulation differ substantially in action scale, dynamics, and control objectives. In this paper, we propose AIR-VLA+, a flow matching action generation architecture specifically designed for aerial manipulation, featuring cascaded dual-action decoders and an asymmetric feature-level Mixture of Experts (MoE). We construct cascaded manipulation and movement decoders, allowing the UAV to unidirectionally observe the manipulator's intent during movement to achieve workflow coordination, while isolating the impact of UAV movement information backpropagation on arm manipulation stability. Addressing the characteristic that UAV movement is highly dependent on high-level semantics and responsible for task state transitions in aerial manipulation, we design an input feature enhancement module for the UAV movement decoder. This module introduces an implicit visual grasp projector to perceive the interaction state between the gripper and the object, and injects compressed global semantic features. Within the UAV movement decoder, we deploy an implicit MoE architecture, enabling different movement experts to spontaneously exhibit capacity inclinations for various task stages during training. Through dense soft blending computation on the feature manifold, the UAV movement is endowed with stronger task-stage adaptability. Experiments on the standardized AIR-VLA benchmark demonstrate that our method comprehensively surpasses all baselines with an overall average score of 48.0. The overall task completion score improves by 80.2% compared to the single-head pi_0.5 policy, effectively mitigating the heterogeneous coordinated control conflicts of composite robots.

Key Points

  • Proposes AIR-VLA+, a flow-matching architecture with cascaded dual-action decoders for aerial manipulation.
  • Decouples UAV movement from arm manipulation via unidirectional observation and asymmetric MoE.
  • Introduces implicit visual grasp projector and global semantic feature injection for movement decoding.
  • Achieves 80.2% improvement over single-head baseline on the standardized AIR-VLA benchmark.

Methodology

This section details the proposed Asymmetric Feature-Level MoE Flow Matching architecture. Aerial manipulation systems face severe challenges in long-horizon interaction tasks.

To fundamentally resolve the representation coupling, we propose the AIR-VLA+ action generation architecture featuring cascaded dual-action decoders, realizing a system that is cognitively highly coordinated and physically absolutely decoupled (Figure 2 ).

Methodology — AIR-VLA+: Decoupling Movement and Manipulation via Cascaded Dual-Action Decoders with Asymmetric MoE for Aerial Robots
Figure 2: Overview of the AIR-VLA+ asymmetric feature-level flow matching architecture. The system comprises a shared multimodal pre-trained base, cascaded dual-action decoders, an input feature enhancement module, a unidirectional information transmission cascade channel, and an asymmetric feature-level MoE.

Experiments

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in Aerial Manipulation Systems, this section aims to answer the following core research questions (RQs): RQ1 (System Performance) : Compared to action-level blending or hard stitching, can the asymmetric feature-level MoE effectively mitigate the representation coupling bottleneck and achieve superior performance in complex tasks?

RQ2 (Module Contribution) : What are the independent contributions of components like the input feature enhancement module and the unidirection...

Experiments — AIR-VLA+: Decoupling Movement and Manipulation via Cascaded Dual-Action Decoders with Asymmetric MoE for Aerial Robots
Figure 3: Routing Dynamics in Long-Horizon Task. Within a single task cycle, the three implicit experts demonstrate a highly logical temporal handover mechanism.

Sources and Demonstrations

Figures are reproduced from Sun et al. See the full paper for experimental details and the project page, when the paper links one, for demonstrations and videos.

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